Report Goldfish Respiration Lab Essay Example

Report: Goldfish Respiration Lab Paper According to The Respiration System of a Goldfish by Sarah Quintal, at lower temperatures the surface area for gas exchange increases, while the breathing rate decreases . Several different variables took part of this experiment; the controlled variable was the goldfish, the independent variable was the temperature of the water, and the dependent variable was the number of breaths the goldfish took. The hypothesis stated before the experiment was that if the temperature of the water decreases then the number of breaths that the goldfish will take will also decrease. Discussion The experiment that was studied showed that my hypothesis was correct; once the temperature began to decrease, so did the number of breaths the goldfish took. The results proved that the lower the water temperature is the lower umber of breaths the goldfish will take. The experiment could have be operated more smoothly if the goldfish wouldnt have moved as much when trying to count the number of breaths. My results are important because it shows that something so little, like the water temperature, can make such a big impact on an animal. Literature Cited Panderers, Crawler. (2011). Experimentation: The Process Skills in Action. In Exploring Biology in the Laboratory (up. 13-16). Quintal, S. (n. D. ). We will write a custom essay sample on Report: Goldfish Respiration Lab specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Report: Goldfish Respiration Lab specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Report: Goldfish Respiration Lab specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Topic Six Essay

Topic Six Essay Topic Six Essay Market Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Session 6 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 1 Learning Outcomes After this session you should be able to: Explain market segmentation and the bases Explain the requirements for effective segmentation: – measurability, accessibility, substantiality, actionability Discuss the process of evaluating and selecting market segments Explain positioning for competitive advantage 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 2 Three stages of marketing Mass marketing – seller mass produces, mass distributes and mass promotes one product to all buyers. Product-variety marketing – seller produces two or more products that have different features, styles, quality, sizes and so on Target marketing – seller identifies market segments, selects one or more of them, and develops products and marketing mixes tailored to each. 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 3 Steps in market segmentation, targeting and positioning Kotler, Brown, Burton, Dean & Armstrong (2010, p.204) 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 4 Three major steps in target marketing Market segmentation dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers with different needs, characteristics or behaviours require separate products or marketing mixes Market targeting evaluating each market segment’s attractiveness selecting one or more of the market segments to enter Market positioning setting the competitive positioning for the product and creating a detailed marketing mix 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 5 Market segmentation Markets consist of buyers – differ in one or more ways Differ in their wants, resources, locations, buying attitudes and buying practices – buyers have unique needs and wants, each is potentially a separate market – design a separate marketing program for each buyer – sellers face larger numbers of smaller buyers and do not find complete segmentation worthwhile – they look for broad classes of buyers who differ in their product needs or buying responses – grouped into segments that are likely to react similarly 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 6 Bases for segmenting consumer markets Geographic Demographic dividing a market into different geographical units dividing the market into groups based on variables: – nations, regions, states, municipalities, cities or neighbourhoods – age, gender, family size, family life cycle, income, occupation, education, religion, race and nationality www.bing.com/images/ (accessed 1/6/11) 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 7 Bases for segmenting consumer markets Age and life-cycle stage Consumer needs and wants change with age, age and life-cycle segmentation divides a market based on age and life-cycle groups Gender: long used in clothing, cosmetics and magazines finance and cars, amongst others www.bing.com/images/ (accessed 1/6/11) 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 8 Bases for segmenting consumer markets Occupation Income – used in goods and services such as cars, boats, clothing and travel Multivariate demographic Professional Technical Official – Segmentation by combining two or more demographic variables. Sales Low Medium High Income 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 9 Bases for segmenting consumer markets Psychographic: – buyers segmented on psychological/personality traits, lifestyle or values – people in the same geodemographic group can have different profiles Behavioural: – segmented into groups based on their knowledge of the product, their attitude towards it, the way they use it and their responses to it Benefits sought: – segmented according to the different benefits they seek from the product. 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 10 Bases for segmentation –

Lesson Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Lesson Plan - Essay Example The following will be the applicable common standards for the lesson plan together with their respective assessment criteria: 2. Teaching the children various vocabularies that show courtesy and regard- The children should be able to use the words during interactive class lessons that mock instances when the words should be used and how they should be used. 3. Teaching the children the importance of obedience and sincerity especially to their parents in situations that call for obedience and sincerity. Children should be able to demonstrate an understanding on the importance of staying obedient and sincere. The children should be able to show and in depth understanding and actually realize the obedience and sincerity are virtues. The primary source of motivation for the lesson plan is that the children will be active participants in the reading and learning initiatives. The children will take part in games and role plays that will allow them to enjoy role playing through plays that will pick specific scenes from the book and allow the children to act the scenes out. Before the reading of the book the children were not able to express themselves with sincerity and obedience and to understand the need for being sincere and obedient. The children should able to connect between the virtue of obedience and sincerity with the positive outcomes. The lesson plan will take an informal approach to allow the children to learn in a less strict environment. Although rules and procedures will not really be important, the children will be expected to understand the moral teachings behind the

Understand How To Lead Groups & Teams And Navigate Conflicts & Essay

Understand How To Lead Groups & Teams And Navigate Conflicts & Negotiation - Essay Example Understand How To Lead Groups & Teams And Navigate Conflicts & Negotiation Leader gives his priority attention to the internal and external customers and their wants or needs, he provide the resources, training and environment reasonable for work to his sub ordinates, he believed in continuous improvement in a positive manners, he encourage the collaboration between his team members and prefer to do work by mutual corporation instead of this working against each other in a team finally affect the future goals on which they are working, leader is a trainer of his team he help his sub ordinates to do their job in a better way, if there is a problem in an organizational environment due to the internal misunderstanding or due to the external factors he trying to cop upit and also get the precautions for the future operation that this mistake do not repeat in future, he trying to improve his communication with his sub ordinates and trying to remove if any communication gap between them he believe in to show by his own rather to communicate it to the sub ordinate s, he choice the resources on the basis of quality not the monetary reward, establish the good organizational environment or improve it and the leader know that who one give his best so he promote the individual reward as well as the team. Leadership is an important function of management which helps to maximize efficiency and to achieve organizational goals. Some of the points related to the importance of the leadership are as following: 1. A person who initiate the work, develop the policies and plans of achieving the goals and provide the guidance about from where to start work. 2. A person gives motivation to his employees by giving the rewards weather economic or non economic and gets his desired work from the employees. 3. A person is not just supervising the work of the employees he provides the guidance related to the work, to improve the efficiency of achieving the goals efficiently. 4. Confidence is one of the important elements which an employee has to express his through and explaining his ideas in front of others which helps to getting the goals. 5. The confidence in the employee is one of the necessary elements which and leader builds in his subordinates. Confidence is the inoculation to perform their liabilities to achieve objectives. 6. Management wants to perform their work through the people. When the environment is like the working environment this helps for the stable growth. Management has to pay attention the employee’s problem and solve them. Modern organizations are developing and shifting quickly and to develop effective strategies they need to hold change and growth. â€Å"Organization development is a wide application of behavioral science knowledge to the planned development and reinforcement of organizational strategies, structures, and process for improving an organization’s effectiveness† (Cummings & Worley, 2009). When people with different nature, behavior and goals are gathered and start working together t o achieve the same organizational goals and objectives then due to their difference in the nature and personalities and differing in their individual objectives some kind of conflicts. Conflicts mean that when two different persons have different opinion on one task and they start making the arguments which are not healthy. To resolve these conflicts the role of the leader according leadership is very important. When a team formed to perform a specific task it have diversity different type of peoples bring different skills like knowledge, experience, values, attitude, behavior and point of view. Every person has to share his skills with others to do the work efficiently and effectively, they all have their own

Critically discussed the ethical, legal, and social issues arising Essay

Critically discussed the ethical, legal, and social issues arising from the use of assistef reproductive technologies - Essay Example ough fertile couples can also undergo the processes due to genetic, sex selection or health considerations such as risk of infecting the child with AIDS. Methods used in ART include Intrauterine Insemination (IUI), which involves engaging a males sperm into a womans uterus via a tube. In Vitro Fertilization is another process in ART where sperm and eggs from the couple are taken and incubated to form an embryo with steps such as stimulation of egg maturation, egg recovery, fertilization and embryo transfer with assistance from a physician. There is also the third party assisted ART such as the use of a sperm donor, egg Donor, surrogates and gestational carriers. Even as these methods have been effective in enabling many couples achieve the dream of being parents, there have been debate over the ethical legal, social and ethical issues surrounding processes used to achieve this goal. This research paper highlights some of the ethical, legal and social arguments presented in support or opposition to ART. Ethical issues in ART surround the practice of implanting multiple embryos at one time to cut on expenses for couples since there is no insurance coverage to support this form of treatment. For the process to be successful at a lower cost even when more than one attempt is undertaken couples are encouraged to fertilize many eggs at once and implanting multiple embryos while hoping one among them will be carried to term. Success rate in ART also depends on the years of women involved in the process (see the graph below). Multiple fertilization of these eggs leads to the problem of multiple pregnancies with parents facing the prospect of giving birth to more than one baby. When this happens, couples especially mother and their offspring face increased social, psychological and medical problems. Research has indicated that multiple pregnancies results in a number of health complications especially those related to obstetric complications, prenatal morbidity,

Effects of Changing Accounting Standards on Commercial Bank

Effects of Changing Accounting Standards on Commercial Bank Proposed Research Topic: IAS 39 and IFRS 9: the effects of changing accounting standards for financial instruments on the financial assets management of a commercial bank in Chong Qing Background: In 2008, a catastrophic financial crisis ignited by the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers Holdings soon had a full scale break-out and dragged the world from prosperous growth to excruciating abyss of stagnation, even recession. People in business and academic community took a great number of serious discussions striving to find the causes of the financial crisis. It is widely agreed that the lack of transparency in banks and investment houses which increased their risks is one of the major driving forces of the crisis(Compton, 2012). It is argued by Rohde(2011) that the abuse of financial instruments is to blame for the lack of transparency. Accountancy, as a practical subject meant to make organizations more transparent via clear and correct financial reports therefore is closely linked to the solution to the financial crisis. One year after the crisis, world leaders declared that improvements in financial report were needed at the G20 summits.à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ Chan, 2010) In 2009, in response to the demand for improved financial reports, the new IFRS 9 was published as the replacement for IAS 39 to serve the purpose of regulating accountancy for financial instruments(IFRS, 2009; Chan, 2010). Some noticeable changes were made by IASBà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ international accounting standards boardà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° to the new standards, particularly the classification of financial assets. IAS classify financial assets into 4 measurement groups, which is considered by Chan(2010) as one of the its drawbacks resulting in unnecessary complexity and internal inconsistency. However, according to IFRS 9, the number of categories is largely simplified and is cut down from 4 to 2: amortize cost and fair value. Currently, business organizations can choose which standards they would like to apply because the mandatory effective date of IFRS was canceled already(IFRS, 2009). What effects could the differences between the 2 standards exert on banks’a management of financia l assets remains unknown. It has not been sufficiently studied in accounting literature yet. Although some studies are made with regard to IAS or IFRS as a whole, none of them are specifically on IFRS 9, let alone its effects on financial assets management. A study as this one is hence needed to fill in this gap. One of the main features of international accounting standards regardless of IAS9, IFRS 9, or their earlier predecessors is the steady status of fair value measurement. Despite that a lot of measurement categories are added to or removed from in amendments occurred since the establishment of one universal international accounting standards system, fair value measurement seems to stand unshakably in the center of measurement for financial instruments. Thus, this paper will mainly focus on fair value to discuss whether or not it is changed in the new standards and what influence those changes have on a bank’s financial assets management, which can better our understanding in the relationship between accounting standards and practical management. This paper is helpful not only to expand the accounting literature, but also to improve bankers’ assets management in precaution of the risk of another financial crisis. In a word, my research is worth doing academically and pract ically. The purpose of my paper is to identify the effects of changing financial standards on the assets management of a bank by interviewing its managers and examining its financial conditions before and after its accounting policy shifted from IAS 39 to IFRS 9. To achieve that, I set 3 research objectives. Firstly, my paper aims to find out the difference between IAS 39 and IFRS 9, particularly the changes made to the fair value measurement. Secondly, my paper tries to identify the effects of adopting IFRS 9 on Chong qing Bank’s financial assets management in replacement for IAS 39. Thirdly, my paper will make critical comment on whether those effects are positive or negative comparing with previous years when IAS was applied in the hope of providing some useful experience to other banks. Literature review: The number of existing researches on the new IFRS 9 is extremely limited and can hardly be found for it was published just 4 years ago as an incomplete demo to be tested and improved, awaiting continuous amendments. It takes time before it is as applicable as IAS 9, when a great amount of researches then can be expected due to mass usage of IFRS in business institutes. Fortunately, there are a number of studies on the IFRS as a whole and IAS No. 39. Carmona Trombetta(2008) got a panorama overview on IFRS and IAS, and proceeded to explain the difficulty of world-wide adoption of those standards owing to nature of highly diverse conditions in different individual countries, which leads to a conclusion that rule based standards are probably more acceptable than principles based ones to widespread a universal standards system across the world. Despite the insightful discovery they made, they did not focus enough attention on the obvious differences between IFRS and IAS. To the contrary, what they try to emphasize is the similarities instead of differences between those two standards. As a supplementary to the previous accounting literature, Wang(2010) made a thorough comparison between the two standards and noted the difference of classifications for financial assets which is covered by IAS 39 and IFRS 9 that matters a lot to financial assets management. However, she was one step away from getting the full picture, but stopped at that point and did not make further explorations concerning the effects of the differences in standards on banking management, which leaves her research unfortunately incomprehensive. The study on this topic has 2 dimensions: regulations, and the objectives those regulations exert effects on. Neglecting either of them would flaw the whole study. Armstrong and his collegues (2010) contributed to the literature by examining the objectives of accounting regulations. They studied business institutes’ reaction to the adoption of IFRS in Europe, which can made a worthy comparison with Chong qing companies that my paper is about to study. Morris and Sellon(1991) are among those first to focus on the relationship between accounting standards and financial assets management. They noted that a bank’s true assets (Morris and Sellon, 1991) can be best reflected by fair value based accounting practice. Their pioneering work was seconded by Barth(1994) who argues that accounting based on fair is helpful to improve a bank’s management by clarifying the true value of financial assets to the top management. He took a critical strep and brought accounting standard on to the managerial level. Although having laid down the fundamental base for my study, both of their researches share a fatal flaw of being too outdated. The world has witnessed too many tremendous changes including the financial crisis to fit in their theory’s framework developed in the early 1990s. Their theory fails to be applied to lately i nvented financial instruments, particularly financial derivatives. More researches close to today’s reality are needed, which is another justification for the rationale of my research. Methodology and methods: I intend to conduct an interpretive, inductive, empirical and qualitative research on this topic. The method adopted is cases study carried out via techniques including observing the company and taking interviews. Chong qing Bank in Chong qing is selected as the case study company for it is one of the first to answer IASB’s call to adopt IFRS. Given the geographic limitations and the cost to fly to Chong qing, semi-structured telephone interviews will be held to managers of Chong qing Bank Limited containing questions on their thoughts before and after IAS 39 was replaced by IFRS 39. Information about the company is to be thoroughly observed, particularly its capital adequacy ratio before and after IFRS was adopted, which can reflect its financial assets management in the period of changing accounting policy to a certain extent. The entire data collect by my case study and interviews is original primary data, except capital adequacy ratio, which is secondary data since it can be found in the company’s annual reports. Most of the data are qualitative as they are questions regarding people’s attitudes, beliefs, thoughts that cannot be quantified. However, the capital adequacy ratio is quantitative. The way my research is done is to acquire knowledge by making empirical observations and finding empirical evidences rather than establishing pure theoretical framework on a predetermined hypothesis. All the 3 research objectives listed before are about making empirical observations. Therefor the case study method is very suitable to serve my research objectives. As claimed by Robson(2002), case study is ‘A strategy for doing research which involves an empirical investigation’. The reason I employ the technique of interview is that interviews are very useful to collect empirical information. It is an empirical research method. A semi-structured interview by telephone would allow me to explore unexpected issues by holding relatively casual conversation consisted of not fully predetermined questions, and to build personal rapport with the interviewees that might be helpful to make some in-depth findings. In a word, the empirical, interpretive nature of my study that requir es original primary data and close observations determines the research methods I chose. Content analysis will be used on the main data analyzing tool to measure the frequency of certain key words and notions respondents mentioned in interviews. The data collected is not generalizable because they are predominantly qualitative information of a single individual company without statistical representativeness. But the data is of legitimate validity and reliability since they are authentically collected from a company in its practical daily operations. If anyone is to repeat my research on the same company, the out-come would be of no difference. Potential difficulties I can anticipate in this research are mainly geographically related. The location of me, namely UK, is too far away from the objective in Chong qing I am about to observe. This limitation is likely to cause a series of difficulties including the hardship of getting contact with the informants and inaccuracy of observations which are not made in person directly. Another difficulty is the willing of managers to receiving my interviews. In order to get a sufficient number of respondents, I plan to set certain incentive prizes for answering my questions. The research will mainly be funded by myself, though I will not give up the opportunity of being sponsored by the university. Application for research funds will be submitted to Royal Holloway before the research begins. However, those difficulties above can be overcome and minimalized as long as my research is well designed. Flying to Chong qing is reserved as the last resort if things get out of my control. The t ime scale of my research is 3months. The detailed time table is listed below: Timetable: Prepare the interview questions by 1 March Complete literature review by 10 April Conduct interviews by 10 May Complete data analysis by 12 May Give presentation on 23 June Complete the final dissertation by 20 June Reference: Armstrong, C, Barth, M, Jagolinzer, A, Riedl, E 2010, Market Reaction to the Adoption of IFRS in Europe, Accounting Review, 85, 1, pp. 31-61, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 January 2014. Barth, M. E.,1994, ‘Fair value accounting: Evidence from investment securities and the market valuation of banks’, Accounting Review, pp.1-25. Carmona, S, Trombetta, M., 2008, On the global acceptance of IAS/IFRS accounting standards: The logic and implications of the principles-based system, Journal Of Accounting Public Policy, 27, 6, pp. 455-461, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 January 2014. Chan, S., 2010, ‘From IAS 39 to IFRS 9: more than just a name change’, the official website of Chong qing institute of certified public accountants, Available at:http://www.hkicpa.org.hk/file/media/section2_become_a_hk_cpa/recog-oversea-bodies/useful-article/name-change.pdf [Accessed: 20 DEC 2013]. Compton, J., 2012, ‘Libor scandal: at the root of all financial crises is a lack of transparency’, The Telegraph, available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/9366972/Libor-scandal-at-the-root-of-all-financial-crises-is-a-lack-of-transparency.html [Accessed: 20 DEC 2013]. IFRS, 2009, IFRS 9: Financial Instruments (replacement of IAS 39), the official website of the IFRS Foundation and the IASB. Available at: http://www.ifrs.org/current-projects/iasb-projects/financial-instruments-a-replacement-of-ias-39-financial-instruments-recognitio/Pages/financial-instruments-replacement-of-ias-39.aspx [Accessed: 20 DEC 2013]. Robson, C., 2002, Real world research: A resource for social scientists and practitioner-researchers (Vol. 2). Oxford: Blackwell. Moody, D., 2002, Empirical research methods, the official website of IT University of Copenhagen. Available at: http://www.itu.dk/~oladjones/semester%203/advanced%20it%20mgt%20and%20software%20engineering/project/materials/what%20is%20empirical%20research1.pdf [Accessed: 20 DEC 2013]. Morris, C. S., SellonJr, G. H., 1991, ‘Market value accounting for banks: pros and cons.’, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Economic Review, 76, pp.5-19. Rohde, L 2011, Lessons from the Last Financial Crisis and the Future Role of Institutional Investors, OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends, 2011, 1, pp. 77-82, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 January 2014. Wang, Z., 2010, ‘A comparative study of the difference between IAS 39 and IFRS 9: interpreting the classification and measurement of financial assets.’ Finance and Accounting Monthly, 2010, 16(548), pp.51-53.( In Chinese) Source available at: http://www.ckyk.cn/periodical/previous_detail-JOLQNON0.shtml; Full text available at: http://www.docin.com/p-226160490.html [Accessed: 20 DEC 2013].

Ford :: essays papers

Ford The Good Soldier, utilises a variety of literary techniques to construct meaning and propel imaginative power. Ford uses figurative language to initiate the polarity of â€Å"Convention and Passion†(1) and a divergent narrative style and structure to present cultural issues such as the quest for human knowledge and the imprisonment of society. â€Å"The long afternoon wore on† commences in the context of Nancy’s revelations. She has read the account of the Brand divorce case in the newspapers and is apprehending the manifestations of recently discovered phenomena. Ford employs a vocabulary that is mournful and dull to conjure up images of shadow and anguish. He uses words like â€Å"frightened,† â€Å"writhed,† â€Å"agony,† â€Å"pain† and â€Å"gloomy† to connote feelings of â€Å"affaissement.† These are juxtaposed with the vocabulary of the second half of the passage: â€Å"lover’s,† â€Å"flame ,† and â€Å"cheerful† which signifies the corruption of Nancy’s chastised mind. Knowledge of convention takes â€Å"all sweetness†¦out of life.† The lexicogrammar interplays the theme of â€Å"Convention and Passion† as being unable to exist congruently in â€Å"the law of the land† and cognition of human nature as futile, leading only to darkness. Ford expresses the degenerative nature of human passion in the metaphor: a tune in which major notes with their cheerful insistence wavered and melted into minor sounds as, beneath a bridge the highlights on dark waters melt and waver and disappear into black depths. The anagoge alludes to images of passion fading into darkness. An antithesis of light and dark, black and white, the certitude of Passion succumbing to Convention: Society must go on, I suppose, and society can only exist if the normal, if the virtuous, and the slightly-deceitful flourish, and if the passionate, the headstrong, and the too truthful are condemned Samuel Hynes, ‘The Epistemology of The Good Soldierâ⠂¬â„¢, The Good Soldier, Norton Critical Edition (1995. W.W. Norton & Company) to suicide and to madness. Nancy’s love must regress, as the etiquette of society must prosper. Fatally for those who were unable to conform to â€Å"the technicalities of English life† due to burgeoning eroticisms, â€Å"the end was plainly manifest.† Ford creates imagery of umbra and shadow elsewhere in the novel: â€Å"inevitably they pass away as the shadows across sundials.† Ford’s adumbrations of unillumination may also reflect the restrictions of human knowledge. Darkness reflects the tenuousness of human cognition. Dowell proposes earlier: what is there to guide us in the more subtle morality of all other personal contacts, associations, and activities?