Writing Is An Art That Improves Through Time With...

Writing is an art that improves through time with consistent practice and exploration of one’s skills. Prior to this class, I have always considered myself to be an efficient writer. However, my writing was limited in the scope of academic writing, due to the fact that throughout my high school career, that is the most of what was expected to be written from me. In this class I was able to dive further into my writing and explore with my skills in the context of creative writing, poetry, as well as fictional writing; something I had little to no experience in. With the correct guidance from you, my professor, and consistent practicing, I was able to create five pieces that I believe to be some of my best work in these particular genres of†¦show more content†¦Like all works of writing, it is ultimately a work in progress, as is this writing. However, I still believe that it highlights a strong aspect of my skills; the ability to explore and execute. It was this assign ment that ultimately pushed me through to the fictional realm of writing; the assignment that tipped me over the edge into a completely distinct writing than that of academic. It was ultimately the beginning of my transition into a greater work of skill as a writer. Thus, there was more work created throughout the duration of the class. The second work that is presented in this portfolio is a moment in time assignment that was written, titled â€Å"Life and Marriage.† This writing was very personal to me, similar to the creative nonfiction assignment that I wrote. As stated before, writing on the matter of personal experience is difficult to do. Nonetheless, I feel as though I excelled in this assignment in the sense that I was able to incorporate my ideas clearly and tell a story through my emotions, yet without clouding it’s intended message. This assignment has ultimately taught me the possibility as well as ability to incorporate personal experience to strengthen m y work, and to create a meaningful lesson and interpretation from it. Every writing has it’s own meaning to it, and with this specific piece, I was able to

Gene Col An American Comic Book Artist - 2171 Words

Gene Colan was an American comic book artist best known for his work for Marvel. He is best known for his work on 1964 Daredevil, Howard the Duck, and The Tomb of Dracula. Colan was inducted into the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2005. He passed away in 2011. Gene Colan’s mark making is exceptional. The strokes of the pencil and hatching are used to communicate form and structure to the figures and elements in his drawings. Solid black would immensely flatten the images, but the quick hatch work brings energy and life to the characters. This portrait of a vampire character is a good example of the hatching to create form. The vampire’s hair is swept back away from his face. The marks show this form. The eye brows are†¦show more content†¦The mark making in the man in the last panel align with the contours of his head and face, bringing form to his features and facial structure. Similar pencil strokes are scene in the crowd, but are less pronounced when compared to the man in his own panel. The buildings are successful in the sense of pattern, but are not correct in terms of perspective. Overall, this page has nice mark making, but lacks in readability. The black placement in the page brings attention to the areas framed by light. The figures are the focal point in both panels. In the first panel, the black placement weights the bed as it recedes into the floor, but then is balanced out by the cast shadow of the wall in the top left corner. The second panel has a similar effect from the bed black placement. However, the face on the poster on the wall is staring right at the viewer, and he becomes the focal point of the room instead of the figures in the bed. The hatch direction gives form to all the surfaces of the room. The bed covers specifically benefit from the directional hatching in the folds. The forms also benefit from the directionality. The artist has left plenty of room for world bubbles and any other text. The overview of the down shot successfully establishes the anchor points of the room before moving to a close up on the characters in the bed. The perspective n the image is misleading, as the back of the bed seems to beShow MoreRelatedSummer Olymoics23416 Words   |  94 PagesWorld records * 3.5 Medal count * 4 Broadcasting * 5 Marketing * 5.1 Logo and graphics * 5.2 Mascots * 5.3 Chariots of Fire * 5.4 Sponsors * 6 Controversies * 7 Drug testing * 8 See also * 9 References * 9.1 Book references * 10 External links | [edit] Bidding process Main article: Bids for the 2012 Summer Olympics By 15 July 2003, the deadline for interested cities to submit bids to the International Olympic Committee (IOC), nine cities had submittedRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesterms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services

Descriptive Writing Samples free essay sample

The Descriptive Writing task in Unit 3 is worth 7. 5% of the subject award and is marked out of 20. The mark given for each of the examples provided is supported by comments related to the criteria given in the specification for (i) Content Organisation; (ii) Sentence Structure, Punctuation Spelling. A notional grade is indicated in each case, based on the way that the same mark scale for Writing has been used in the past, and consistent with the uniform mark scale which will be used in the future to report results. However, it is important to note that in practice grade boundaries are determined when units are awarded, and that prior to this individual students’ marks are subject to internal standardising and external moderation. AP/JF/W40(10) Page 1 A School lunch hall (Please note that this descriptive task is not available for the 2012 entry) Condensation slides its way down the window, leaving behind it a ribbon of smooth, murky darkness. The sheer suffocating heat and humidity inside suggests the number of drenched bodies seeking refuge from the relentless onslaught of rain. In one corner, a single teacher loses the battle to restrain a group of shouting children and is swamped in a wave of uniformed bodies. Buzzing with anticipation, their instincts triggered by the promise of food, the mass of children charges past him into the canteen. Dragging back some small measure of control, he finally manages to stem the flow and continues to thin out the crowd at a steadier pace with many jealous glances towards the table where several of his fellow teachers lounge, indulging in a few sweet, children-free minutes. As the room fills, the shouts, yells and vague discussion coming from the hoard of tatty teenagers rise to a pitch and volume that could shame a football crowd. Wanting to live up to their reputation, the children continue their barrage of sound, undeterred by the half— hearted efforts of their teachers. Finally, however, as the initial rush of eager bodies reduces, the disruption falls to a minimum and the children split off into groups. At the centre of one such gathering sits a rather plain girl putting up with the unwanted attention of several of her social superiors. She is clearly used to this type of bullying, and she continues her meal in silence. Finally bored with watching their comments bounce off the girl without effect, the group turn their attention to a table surrounded by an invisible force field apparently coming from its dozen or so occupants. This group seems to reject any lesser being that attempts to come within three feet of their sacred ground. This creates a ring of admirers who look up to the mixture of reputation and charisma within. Those teenagers within this bubble of admiration seem to have no intention of letting any others into the group. Enough gold and fake diamonds to replicate the entire crown jewels covers the same uniforms that seem to repel any similar attempt by any other pupil. One particular girl, smiling with all the dazzling intensity of a chat show host, is obviously a new addition to the group. Ecstatic at her place in this most sacred of circles, she looks down from the Mount Olympus of the dinner hall at the insignificant drones beneath her, attempting to display some of the haughty dignity of the established members of the gang. As the initial lure of the dinner hall lessens, several of the hardier students decide to brave the weather outside and leave the overcrowded, damp stuffiness to those willing to endure it for its relative comfort and the knowledge that hours spent on hair will not have been in vain. Suddenly a loud crash echoes around the hall bringing most of the children out of their relaxed stupor. For once the whole student body is united in hilarity, all eagerly scanning the three-hundred or more people for the guilty party. The culprit (a minute, year seven boy) stands next to the offending pile of broken china and, as several of the older students begin to whoop, proceeds to flush a deep red as he prays for an escape from the blinding spotlight. Unfortunately, the hole in the ground fails to appear for him as it has failed so many others in similar situations and he is left at the mercy of hundreds of delighted teenagers. Finally, the yells subside, quelled by steely glances from several of the teachers, and they are replaced by the ominous tinny chime of the bell, forcing all the children out into the merciless rain. Commentary This student confidently fulfils the requirements of the descriptive task. The individual scenes are well observed and the whole piece is structured around a sensible time frame. SSPS aspects are handled with assurance and the vocabulary is extensive. This work deserves a mark of 20. AP/JF/W40(10) Page 2 The Scene at a Funfair Dazzling those around, the bright lights flash, almost blinding any who dare to look their way. The cacophony of sounds, each clashing horribly with the next, is almost deafening. The acrid taste of diesel fumes burns the back of the throat of anyone who gets too close to the rickety Teacup ride. A group of excitable toddlers are being herded along by over protective mothers bobbing along like brightly shining Chinese lanterns. One lags behind, gazing wistfully at the waltzers, while his mother tries to persuade him to go on the Teacups. Teenagers are huddled on a corner, one clutching his can of lager like a newborn son. Another crushes his can beneath his foot and lobs it over the heads of the unsuspecting crowd. He is oblivious to his girlfriend, whose face is tearstained, as she shouts at him. I cant believe you, she cries, hurls her last insult, and storms away, quickly followed by a small group of girls. They spend the rest of the evening throwing dirty looks at the boys, none of whom seem to care. Spinning faster and faster, the waltzers occupants scream hysterically. The louder you scream, the faster we go, an impersonal voice claims on the intercom. As the ride explodes with noise, the operator yawns and throws a lever. Outside his soundproof hut the ride accelerates, then, climax over, it slows and stops. The controller stumbles out of the box and lets the flushed people off of the ride. Some go straight to the back of the queue, others teeter off, stumbling over their own feet. Gritting his teeth, a man in the car park presses the accelerator to the floor, but to no avail. The grass is unrecognisable under all of the mud that has been churned up by the cars that have been coming and going all day. His face reddens as the wheels spin, spraying mud on to a shiny red Ferrari that someone was unsuspecting enough to bring. People are pointing and laughing and the owner of the Ferrari is shouting. Finally, someone is helpful enough to push him on his way and he leaves at top speed, without even bothering to say thank you. On the rollercoaster, a young girl screams, while her older brother looks almost ready to fall asleep. Her best friend in the seat behind is looking slightly green and is very much ready to go home. The little girl whoops even louder at the top of a precipice and tries to get her brother to do the same. He is not going to comply, however, as he has resolved to never take his sister to a funfair again as she is embarrassing him. Tantalizing wafts of delicious scents pour from the hotdog stalls and burger vans, enticing the weak willed civillians to sample their goods. Mothers turn out their pockets for enough to buy the over priced food for their screaming toddlers. Teenagers squabble over who owes who money, and the girl who split up with her boyfriend is treated to a hotdog by her friends. Commentary This description is accurate, has good details, and is written in the third person which is probably the best way to attempt it. The student takes a non-narrative approach using impressive vocabulary which is not overdone. Towards the end it becomes a little fragmented but the last few lines tie up with the opening, referring to the toddlers and teenager, though these references could be more explicit. There is a good range of well-chosen vocabulary and the description has some life and energy. The SSPS element is strong and suggests a secure grasp of the mechanics. This is good quality work and deserves a mark of 18 (12+6), notionally just into A*. AP/JF/W40(10) Page 3 The Beach Carefully choosing their places among the sea of sunbathers, the new arrivals to the beach lay down their towels on the glistening sand as a red-faced toddler chants, I want ice cream, I want ice cream! as he passes the multicoloured van with his already exasperated mother. Shops and cafes line the beach, a cool summers breeze wafting the savoury scent of hotdogs and burgers towards beach-goers and tourists, tempting them to buy the delicious treats. Seagulls circle the beach like vultures, occasionally pouncing on an empty crisps packet or fallen ice cream, only to be scared away by intrigued children or angry parents. Lounging on their luxurious houseboats, the wealthy residents of the marina gaze out to sea, watching the gentle waves move against weathered rocky outcrops. On one of the larger houseboats, a family of five dine on a bronzed lobster talking happily to each other. Scuttling along the sea-stained sand, crabs of all shapes and sizes frantically make their escape from determined rock poolers. Wielding her flimsy pink net, a young girl of around five perches on a boulder, laughing joyously as she scatters shrimp and prawns alike. Staring happily at his collection of shells, a young boy laughs as the waves lap at his feet. Ice cream in hand, his mother watches him lazily from under the cheap, colourful umbrella. As if on a mission, a younger boy of around three digs at the sand, sweating as the sun beats down on him. On a cliff, high above the beach, stands an aged man, grimacing at the inferior beings below. Clad in a huge overcoat, heavy black boots and a scarf wrapped around his neck, the greying individual turns and begins his journey home. Carelessly floating on a pair of lilos, two teenagers talk ceaselessly breaking out in laughter and falling off their bright pink lilos every so often. The scent of hotdogs makes them hungry as they drag their lilos to the shore, intent on coercing their parents into opening their wallets. Rain begins to fall on the beach, awakening sunbathers and scattering beach goers. As people start to pack up and leave, the rain grows heavier, causing bikini-clad girls to scream and take cover under umbrellas and food stalls. Engines roar in to life, and the beach is completely empty. Commentary This work is accurate and stays on task. A number of scenes are considered in a ‘zoomed in’ and clear fashion but the work is the rather fragmented. The structure and links could be better. However, the accuracy is impressive and this deserves a mark of 16 (10+6), notionally grade A. AP/JF/W40(10) Page 4 The scene at a funfair As the ground, caked in thick, slushy mud, vibrated, crowds swarmed like ants. Thumping through the rides, a myriad of sounds boom through the speakers; passers by are subconsciously moving away from speakers as if in a trance. One little boy, with chestnut locks, ivory skin and frightened, emerald eyes, stands shivering in a corner. As a rowdy bunch of drunken lads shove past, his small, soft, blue teddy bear is knocked out of his hands. Scared still and speechless, he begins to wail even more heartily. His hands clutch tightly to his dummy, his knees are cutely knocked and his toes pointing inwards. Slowly, snot trickles down as his face begin to sweat slightly. Meanwhile, a blond teenager, dressed in a skimpy top and high heels like stilts, eats her generously filled chip butty with a bored expression. Boys surrounding her are childishly goofing around and she sighs deeply. Her shoulders are slumped forward, her elbows perched on her crossed legs and her lipstick smudged. She isnt noticed by anyone around and slumps off sulkily. Bright lights pierce through gaps between rides and children are momentarily blinded. Couples kiss passionately, children gape in awe, girls gleefully giggle and parents protectively cling to their children. A couple are striding towards the hotdog stall, allured by the tempting aroma. Gently, the man guides his girlfriend while fishing out his loaded wallet. He lifts his chin to smell the delicious tantalizing smell of hotdogs and grins. Hungrily, he licks his dry lips and smacks them together. Leaking out, fatty smells enclose customers and circle them almost tempting them to leave without paying. Trapped by cold, steel bars people are locked into rides and pushed against the hard, chipped plastic seats. Kids squirm. Uncomfortably, they wriggle around until noticing the thrilling view of the funfair. Gasping in true amazement, a scrawny girl with two French plaits points and cries, Oh mama! Look there! in her high pitched, squeaking voice. A mammoth of a woman, dressed in pink, replies smiling and tugs her back as if afraid her most precious treasure may fall. Commentary In this piece, the student is perhaps too ambitious with the vocabulary which results in the description having a slightly forced feel to it. Some sections, for example those relating to the little boy and the teenage girl, are not clearly linked to the task. Nevertheless, the work is competent and interesting. The student could have given it more shape returning to the little boy at the end perhaps. As it stands, it seems to be a bit fragmented with a number of free standing sections. Still, this is good work and deserves a mark of 15 (10 +5), notionally B. AP/JF/W40(10) Page 5 The scene at a funfair The fair was shining with all the lights gleaming and glinting in the night sky. Every stall and ride was a buzz with excitement. The sound of laughter filled the air as a jolly old man was dunked into a pool of ice cold foul smelling gunge by a cocky teen having a night out with his girlfriend. The texture of the cotton candy that tasted oh so sweet in your mouth as you greedily scoff it down. Every time a prize was won by a small child, having the time of his life, you could see the delight on his face while he hugged his new novelty bear. The line for the helter-skelter was nearly out of the entrance booth as one by one a small girl or boy would come wizzing into view on the tatty, worn out rug that was then passed along to the next person in the line. A tall and lanky girl made the twenty foot climb up the stairs to continue the cycle. Down she went, the view un-noticed by dripping eyes as she accelerated down. Safely landing at the bottom, she handed over the rug and raced to the back of the line. Over at the hook a duck stall, prizes were going like hot cakes. Every lucky person bagging one of the bigger prizes, while every unlucky person won a smaller and less enjoyable prize. One boy, about sixteen, hanging out with his friends was teasing a certain duck with the long metal pole that was there. Here ducky, come to daddy, come on ducky. He tempted but, being made of plastic, the duck did not respond and carried on drifting away lazily to the other side of the pond. Accusing the game of being fixed he stomped off throwing his Hello Kitty doll to the dirt. The fair was now packed with eager children, tugging on their parents arms to get them a hot dog or let them go on the ghost train or well you get the picture. Gambeling dads bet on the test your strength games and anxious mothers kept a vicelike grip onto the utterly bewildered children by their sides. A gang of hooded teens had just been allowed entry to the park. nd immediately ran behind the bouncy castle and lit up their cigeretes, gingerly puffing out smoke to impress each other. One started to cough and wheeze as he drew in and almost immediately collapsed to the floor. The majority of the boys laughed but the smartest of them all whipped out his phone and, dailing 999 he summoned an ambulence to rescue the choaking boy and another rang his mother, who was their faster than the ambulance, to smother her son and give him, and the others, an earful about why smoking is bad as the sound of the siren vanished into the buzz and excitment of the continued fair ground fun. Commentary In places this description becomes a little generalised and the end is over-dramatic and moving towards narrative. A number of the details could have been developed more fully. The inclusion of the speech fragment is good and adds life to the description. The piece is not overlong but contains a lively view of the situation with some respectable vocabulary. SSPS aspects are generally sound though there are a number of spelling errors and the occasional verbless sentence. Nevertheless, the work deserves 14 (9+5), notionally B. AP/JF/W40(10) Page 6 Fun Fair It was early evening when I first approached the fun fair. It was full of life and everyone was laughing and smiling. Lights lit up the dark sky. There were queues around the main stalls, forming a snake shape so people could get past. In one corner of the park was a sweet stall. It had everything from gum, sweets and chocolates to slushys! Kids were crowding around so they could get first pick of the sugary goodness, climbing over and pushing each other like a group of wild apes fighting for the last banana. They waved their hotly clenched money in their hands looking for attention. The older people looked on in disgust at their greed. To the right was the ultimate fun fair ride- the Bumper cars with the sound of bangs when they hit each other, the screeching of the tyres. Parents with their children laughed as they were shoved and jolted from side to side. Standing in the corner was a tall boy, with dark spiky hair and big brown eyes. He wore ripped jeans and an old top and looked really bored and day dreamy as he was exchanging money so people could go for the bumper thrilling fun. Walking further up, I could hear screams from the Ghost Train which was clearly being enjoyed by the daredevil groups of teenage boys determined to frighten their petrified girl friends. Further on, excited children queued for the Helter Skelter each receiving a mat before rushing up the stairs to slide down cheered on by doting parents. Many returned to the queue wanting to repeat the experience. In the distance was a stall of hot food. The smell of bacon sandwiches invited me in. As I approached the stall I could hear the sizzling of the bacon. Cuts of chicken and turkey were ready to be served as the hunger driven people to desperately feed their appetites. Commentary The main problem with this piece is brevity. However, the student draws some interesting pictures and the vocabulary is varied and appropriate. The approach is a little narrative driven which is often the case when the first person is chosen but there are some detailed sections to the work. The SSPS aspect is strong. This balances the relative brevity a little to result in a mark of 13 (8+5), notionally C. AP/JF/W40(10) Page Railway Station Great white pillars guard the entrance to the railway which hold hand crafted iron gates, that have been there since the place has been built, now rusting under the attack from rain. Chaotic noises fill the inside: the quick paced footsteps of travelers searching for their train or train times and the frantic voice of the tannoy alerting people where to go. Ammoungst the myriad of confused people, there stands a frail old lady, her hair a delecate grey colour like when, on a cloudless night, the moon shines upon water. Glasses perched on nose, she scans the plethora of train facts and figures to try locate the stand where her train is. To the right of the old lady, next to an out of date dull red phone box, there sits a sleepy beggar who smells like a unpleasant concoction of alchohol and vomit. Grasping his cup, the man pleads for spare change from passers-by. Speech slurred, noone understands him and they walk quickly on by. The sadness which the beggar is feeling at this point intoxicates the room like ink in water. Later on as the day draws to a close, the once busy station is now a ghost town. Rail workers pack their bag and return to loving familys whereas for the night watchers the day has just began. The sun climbs down turning everything orangy chrome colour and short sharp breezes continue to turn the litter into the only thing bieng heard. In the distance, a final train, probobly with no more than 20 people on it, can be spotted. Mice dart from shadow to shadow quite noticably yet sneakly. The station now waits for another day of people to come. Commentary This is an ambitious piece in terms of the vocabulary used but sometimes the student over-reaches a little making it slightly artificial. Occasionally, words are misused (‘†¦intoxicates†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢). The expression is also awkward in places (‘Great white pillars guard the entrance to the railway which hold hand crafted iron gates, that have been there†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢) The detailed descriptions of the old lady and the beggar are good but there are a number of errors within the piece with simple words misspelled (‘ammoungst’, ‘delecate’, ‘bieng’ etc. ) and also an agreement error (‘†¦pack their bag†¦). It is also brief. All in all, balancing the ambition with the brevity and errors this work deserves 12 marks (9+3), notionally C. AP/JF/W40(10) Page 8 Funfair Carnival chaos causing crazy cookey corruption fills the frantic atmosphere whilst bundles of smiling, exhilerated faces shiver at the ear-wrenching, spine tingling screams which escape the living nightmare which is the horrific House of Horrors. A myriad of peaceful melodic music echoed smoothy from the merry-go-round, soothing the manic emotions which uplifted the firey fair. Panting, plastic ponies aimlessly drifted around the multi-coloured stage, each individual taking its turn to be admired by envious children. Immense, electric lights franticly flash, spin, turn tumble then rapidly change, shooting into the ebony black sky, mascarading as silver colonies of shimmering stars. Like a moth to a flame, the hyponotized audience pushed, shoved and grasped at the magical illusion the merry-go-round was creating, intising them to experience the adreniline which pumped through their veins, keeping the ride alive. The essence of sweet rippling candy-floss hinted the air, distracting the hyperative families. A plump, peachy women smiled whilst she elegantly coiled and twisted the fluffy concoction around a stick, playfully perfecting the sugary mixture. Commentary This piece is too brief. Clearly the student is able but the overall effect of the writing is not convincing. The ability to use ambitious vocabulary is a valuable asset but it must be used with restraint. In this piece, it is clear the student is determined to make the prose as dense as possible. This has a negative affect disengaging the reader who is left wondering why candyfloss should be ‘rippling’ and why faces should be described as ‘bundles’. ‘Myriad’ of ‘music’ also sounds strained. The student is too consciously trying to show the width of the vocabulary choices available without always thinking about which words are the most suitable. Hence, the work becomes over-rich and artificial. This is not an uncommon problem in descriptive writing and students are best advised to be as realistic as possible. The work should remain natural. In addition, this piece is fragmented and has no clear structure. The SSPS aspects are by no means perfect and there are number of errors. This piece is just worth a mark of 11 (7+4) given the brevity and the occasional confusion, notionally D. AP/JF/W40(10) Page 9 Beach The huts lay across the path like a giant Rainbow in the sky. All different colours, the sheds sitting silentley; staring out too sea in content. Each shed lay in perfect distance apart; never were there two colours the same. People, familys and couples gentley passed. Admiring their beautiful beach. The smiles on their faces showed how proud they were to say that this wonderful place belonged to them. Families often wandered past; raising their index finger and pointing out to the unique blue sea, showing their children that there was a wonderful world out there. Childrens faces gleamed! as if father christmas had came early, their faces lit up as if they had never seen a beach like this before. But they were right, they haddent. The beaches sand always seemed to be silky smooth. As if someone had sat out late and night had made the same into complete perfection. Butterflies were always around, flying gracefully without a care in the world. Beautiful coloure they were, bright shocking blue ones landed within close distance and passed slowley; like they knew no harm would come upon them. Couples would lay down on the beach together, holding hands. It was as if their bodies sank into the thick sand as soon as they sat down. Hand in hand they would just sit and watch life go by. Smiling into complete nothingness, but the glistening shore and the tight clench of each others palms. Further down the beach. Mayhem struck; tiny children clenching onto their buckets and spades whining at their worn out looking parents to move faster. Sandcastle off all heights, shapes and sizes lay across the small section of the beach with their creators towering over them no one dare too knock them down. Inside the cafe gazing out of the windows were stressed out mothers, taking time out. They stopped every few seconds too check every thing was okay; and when they saw there children playing in complete content. They would swivel their heads round and sip on their tea. Only to be forced to gaze again from that steamed out window, trying to make sure every thing was in place. The smells of strong coffee floated in the air. Women buying cookies for the dribbling children. Sitting anxiousley waiting to dig there gritty nails into the soggy cookies. As the cookies were laid out directly in-front of them mums would whisper now what do you say and the children with confused faces would answer with hesitation, ‘Thank you. Mum’. After this there was no stopping the greedy animals, as they dug their claws in and made all signs of food scarce. The blissfull beach has lots of amazing views. This beach is my home. Commentary The student tries very hard with this piece and it is clear that she has grasped the basic idea of looking at detail closely. The shaky sentence construction and other errors (Childrens faces gleamed! as if father Christmas had come early. ) are worrying. There are a number of verbless sentences too (e. g. lines 2-4) which reduce the overall effect. Spelling is sometimes wayward (‘haddent’, ‘there children’) but the content s quite reasonable and it is a good length. The final paragraph adds little to the essay as a whole. This essay is a perfect example of a piece where, if the mechanics had been correct, it would be easy to award a C grade. However, the SSPS aspects are so weak (particularly the problem with verbs) that a lower mark of 10 (7+3) notio nally D must be given. AP/JF/W40(10) Page 10 Railway Station I first saw the Train station on a misrable, wet day in London. The stairs leading down to the under ground were Damp and dirty from Peoples foot prints. The handrail was even more gritty, There was chewing gum underneath, Old Train ticket stuck to the bottom and Spray paint along it. The smell was unbarable, it smelt like 3 month old curry and garlic mayonise. When you open your mouth you could even taste the curry. The sound of the station was seriouly terrofiing, The sound of Rumbling train tracks, screaching breaks and the muttering of Thousands of people entering the Train Station. In the corner there were some young dancers Busking for money. One of them was wearing a strange hoodie with a zip going all the way up to the top of the hood. The Sound of the music was getting quiter as the big crowd of Buisness men and women were scampering to get a Seat on the train. As the train arrived the sound of thumping feet got louder as more People came down the stairs. As the seconds went by more and more people arrived and left, then a fight broke out. The fight lasted for about 5 minutes until a police Man came and arrested both of the boys. Then there was a quiet muffled voice saying welcome to london my Italian Friend. The sound of sirens got quieter and quieter as it drove away into the distance. Then there was a cry of laughter as a young girl was getting tickled by her dad. A beam of happiness shone from her smile, the world is full of kindness for her but for us it is full of war and hate Commentary This is a good try from a student of obviously limited ability. He has included a variety of detail with some attempt at development (e. g. in the first paragraph) and the contrast of the sirens with the girl’s laugh at the end is pleasing. The problem is, of course, the mechanical aspect. He tends to use capital letters indiscriminately and comma splices abound. However, it’s not a bad length and covers some ground, fulfilling the requirements of the task. A mark of 9 (7+2) notionally E does not seem unreasonable. AP/JF/W40(10) Page 11 The scene at a fun fair Brightly, the lights beam of illuminous hot pink, baby green and blinding yellow. The music booms like an elephant running through a forest. Then another flash of illuminous colours. Walking through the rusty, pyramid-shaped entrance. A whole new atmosphere envelopes you. Peircing, screams of joy and happiness. Reving sounds of rides preparing to zoom away. Music booming out like an elephant running through a jungle and then BANG the ride finishes and the next load is led on. A little Boy brimmed with happiness. His smile taking over his chubby cheeks. He sprinted over to the big dipper and cwtched on to the front of cart. Anxiously, his mum watched on be careful and hold on, she yelled. Before he could reply the ride set off. Twisting and turning through all the different obstacles in the ride. Upsidedown and then back again. 2 minutes later and the ride zooms back to base. The boys cheeks little chubby and red now. But his smile still rapidly getting bigger. His mother sighed with relief and glared at her little puff ball son that was nicely wrapped up in his overly insulated coat, with pride. Looking round, some little children seemed to be engulfed by the magic within these walls. However, a group of teenagers didnt seem to be that impressed. Sitting intimadatingly by the waltzers. There faces bored and unhealthily pale. One smoked a cigerette whilst another gulped 2 cans of lager. Parents stared in awe as to why they were wasting their lifes and influencing littler children into bad habits. An elderly lady timidly walked past them. Chucking a can of larger at her, one of them chuckled away to herself and widened her merry brown eyes to try and take a rise out of her. Commentary There is some ambition in this work and some of the descriptive details are sound. However, the sentence structuring and the mechanics are weak in places and this reduces that aspect of the mark. Also the student twice includes similes which do not work very effectively and this demonstrates the point that it is important any imagery used is appropriate and sensible. Some images become so common (e. g. ‘as fast as a cheetah’) that they become cliched. Others are so inappropriate as to be ridiculous. Such approaches will not impress the moderators. This work is worthy of a mark of 9 (6+3), again notionally E. If the student had been prepared to check for incorrect punctuation and sentence structure, the mark could have been considerably higher. AP/JF/W40(10) Page 12 Funfair Walking towards the fairground was a thrill in itself One that built with everystep. The night was cool but dry; perfect for a great night out! The fair wouldnt be visible until we turned the final corner but already our expectations and the sheer suspense of it all were building to a peak. Sounds were already beginning to pour through the air, Boom Boom Boom! and laser lights were lighting up the clouds making them seem somehow unearthly and weird. we were going to have the time of our lives. London and wow was it big! It shone like a circle of diamonds in the sky. Spangled, bright and vivid. Surly the london eye cant be bigger than this right? How can they transport such hugh things on a back of a lorry? The next thing that us was a glourious warm smell smell unique to funfairs: a mingling of frying hot dogs, chees burgers, fried onions, candyfloos toffie apples and diesal fumes! This was a delight for the sences. Commentary This is brief work. As the student does not actually reach the funfair until the second paragraph (i. e. half way through), there is a problem of relevance as well. The opening of the second paragraph does not make much sense (‘London and wow was it big. ’). On the plus side, the work is fairly accurate until the final paragraph when the spelling collapses. Brevity, however, remains the main problem since the student has not included a great deal of detail in her work apart from the ‘smell’ paragraph. This is a major weakness. Ever since descriptive writing became a requirement in the legacy specification, we have suggested that the best approach for the student is to ‘zoom in’ on detail if he/she wants high marks. This work is worth 8 marks (5+3) notionally E. Lack of detail, too much time spent on the arrival and brevity are the main problems along with the spelling weaknesses in the last paragraph. Beach scene As I look at the beach I can see the rocks with waves crashing agenst then and I can also see a boat that is lonely as a planit in a black hole and as crooked as a broken photo frame. The sand looks sticky as a swamp and the sky is as grau as my mums jumper. I can smell the slaty sae. I can smell fish and chips from the van. And I can hear a dog barking down the beach. I can hear the seagulls sqaking and the waves crashing against the rocks and the little children shouting about there sandcastles, I can taste the salt and vinegar in my crisps. I can hear my mum calling me to go and have a picknick. Commentary This piece is very brief and often inaccurate. However, it is on task and attempts to convey some of the experiences one may come across on a beach. The student chooses to work through the ‘senses’ and this does her few favours as the sentence structures are repetitive. There are a large number of errors though sentence demarcation is clear and she attempts some imagery.

Moor of Yorkshire Essay Example For Students

Moor of Yorkshire Essay Dirty and haunted, in the middle of nowhere, lays the Moor of Yorkshire. It is a place so far away from civilization that blanks people’s faces when its name is brought up in daily chatters. It is also where heaven and hell collides, and separated by the cold barren moors, two once glorious and significant estates. Dilapidated walls, grotesque carvings, the gigantic but shallow stone-house by the name of Wuthering Heights, or hell. Surrounded by penetrating coldness, and stuffed with patches of dirt and evil, the stone mansion is no different to a demonic, isolated world where dreams vanish and hopes disappear. â€Å"A range of gaunt thorns all stretching their limb one way, as if craving alms of the sun†, Built to endure harsh storms of the dark, the lifeless mansion with bleak vegetation sits on top of the moors, with soggy and infertile land underneath that buries the ashes of vicious, suffering souls. Through the untrimmed vines, you can vaguely see the deep scratches on the moldy walls and ceilings of the dusty rooms hidden behind the shattered windows, that have trapped and sheltered many kind and unkind ones. An abandoned cemetery lays by the drowning river, the faint smell of death makes it uncomfortable to breathe. On the gravestones, you can see faded engraves of the ancient names of those brutal and turbulent inhabitants, who struggled to survive and were eventually defeated by death. Only two can still be identified; â€Å"Heathcliff† and â€Å"Hindley†. Their life stories, carved on the back of the gravestone by their enemies. Heathcliff, a dirty ragged, black haired child who’s incredibly rude, and Hindley, another resident of the dark society who drinks constantly, gambles religiously, and treats others with very little courtesy. Wuthering Heights cuts a sharp contrast to the warm, civilized and heavenly residence , Thruscross Grange. It is a joyful world from inside out. Lit with light and warmth, and embroidered with the rarest but most beautiful flowers that spread fragrance of the sweetest honey. Laughter and giggles echo under the bright, shining sun where angels dance and sing. By the looks of it, you can easily interpret it’s built with aesthetic pleasure in mind. â€Å"A splendid palace carpeted with crimson†¦ and pure white ceiling bordered with gold†. It’s impressive in nature with not only lavish decorations that are more than pleasing to the eye, but also colours that conjure images of serenity, wealth and purity. â€Å"A shower of glass-drops hanging in silver chains from the centre† the residence is unbelievably sophisticated, and exemplifies beauty, order and elegance. The well-stocked library full of wise words add an all round sense of moderate wealth and satisfaction. Old, yellowed pieces of carefully and neatly written obituaries can also be spotted in the study. The obituaries notified us that the residents of this paradisiacal place are also as refined, orderly and obedient. The Lintons, who had the honour of living in such a luxury are very polite and respectable people who conduct themselves morally and justly. Edgar, the soft-hearted man who is very fragile and serene â€Å"had a sweet low manner of speaking†. His sister Isabella is much the same, recorded as a â€Å"charming young lady† and â€Å"possessed of a keen wit†. They’re obviously very civilized and humane, and have been safely protected from outside contaminations and from bitter wind, straight from the moors behind the firm walls of Thruscross Grange. These two houses are practically right next to each other, yet they’re so different. Who would think the two sides of the dirty boors would be two completely different worlds? One formidable and disgusting, and the other so classy and glamorous. In conclusion, Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange are of hell and of heaven.

Report Goldfish Respiration Lab Essay Example

Report: Goldfish Respiration Lab Paper According to The Respiration System of a Goldfish by Sarah Quintal, at lower temperatures the surface area for gas exchange increases, while the breathing rate decreases . Several different variables took part of this experiment; the controlled variable was the goldfish, the independent variable was the temperature of the water, and the dependent variable was the number of breaths the goldfish took. The hypothesis stated before the experiment was that if the temperature of the water decreases then the number of breaths that the goldfish will take will also decrease. Discussion The experiment that was studied showed that my hypothesis was correct; once the temperature began to decrease, so did the number of breaths the goldfish took. The results proved that the lower the water temperature is the lower umber of breaths the goldfish will take. The experiment could have be operated more smoothly if the goldfish wouldnt have moved as much when trying to count the number of breaths. My results are important because it shows that something so little, like the water temperature, can make such a big impact on an animal. Literature Cited Panderers, Crawler. (2011). Experimentation: The Process Skills in Action. In Exploring Biology in the Laboratory (up. 13-16). Quintal, S. (n. D. ). We will write a custom essay sample on Report: Goldfish Respiration Lab specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Report: Goldfish Respiration Lab specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Report: Goldfish Respiration Lab specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Topic Six Essay

Topic Six Essay Topic Six Essay Market Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Session 6 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 1 Learning Outcomes After this session you should be able to: Explain market segmentation and the bases Explain the requirements for effective segmentation: – measurability, accessibility, substantiality, actionability Discuss the process of evaluating and selecting market segments Explain positioning for competitive advantage 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 2 Three stages of marketing Mass marketing – seller mass produces, mass distributes and mass promotes one product to all buyers. Product-variety marketing – seller produces two or more products that have different features, styles, quality, sizes and so on Target marketing – seller identifies market segments, selects one or more of them, and develops products and marketing mixes tailored to each. 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 3 Steps in market segmentation, targeting and positioning Kotler, Brown, Burton, Dean & Armstrong (2010, p.204) 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 4 Three major steps in target marketing Market segmentation dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers with different needs, characteristics or behaviours require separate products or marketing mixes Market targeting evaluating each market segment’s attractiveness selecting one or more of the market segments to enter Market positioning setting the competitive positioning for the product and creating a detailed marketing mix 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 5 Market segmentation Markets consist of buyers – differ in one or more ways Differ in their wants, resources, locations, buying attitudes and buying practices – buyers have unique needs and wants, each is potentially a separate market – design a separate marketing program for each buyer – sellers face larger numbers of smaller buyers and do not find complete segmentation worthwhile – they look for broad classes of buyers who differ in their product needs or buying responses – grouped into segments that are likely to react similarly 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 6 Bases for segmenting consumer markets Geographic Demographic dividing a market into different geographical units dividing the market into groups based on variables: – nations, regions, states, municipalities, cities or neighbourhoods – age, gender, family size, family life cycle, income, occupation, education, religion, race and nationality www.bing.com/images/ (accessed 1/6/11) 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 7 Bases for segmenting consumer markets Age and life-cycle stage Consumer needs and wants change with age, age and life-cycle segmentation divides a market based on age and life-cycle groups Gender: long used in clothing, cosmetics and magazines finance and cars, amongst others www.bing.com/images/ (accessed 1/6/11) 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 8 Bases for segmenting consumer markets Occupation Income – used in goods and services such as cars, boats, clothing and travel Multivariate demographic Professional Technical Official – Segmentation by combining two or more demographic variables. Sales Low Medium High Income 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 9 Bases for segmenting consumer markets Psychographic: – buyers segmented on psychological/personality traits, lifestyle or values – people in the same geodemographic group can have different profiles Behavioural: – segmented into groups based on their knowledge of the product, their attitude towards it, the way they use it and their responses to it Benefits sought: – segmented according to the different benefits they seek from the product. 7 Segmentation & Targeting LB5202 Marketing Management 10 Bases for segmentation –

Lesson Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Lesson Plan - Essay Example The following will be the applicable common standards for the lesson plan together with their respective assessment criteria: 2. Teaching the children various vocabularies that show courtesy and regard- The children should be able to use the words during interactive class lessons that mock instances when the words should be used and how they should be used. 3. Teaching the children the importance of obedience and sincerity especially to their parents in situations that call for obedience and sincerity. Children should be able to demonstrate an understanding on the importance of staying obedient and sincere. The children should be able to show and in depth understanding and actually realize the obedience and sincerity are virtues. The primary source of motivation for the lesson plan is that the children will be active participants in the reading and learning initiatives. The children will take part in games and role plays that will allow them to enjoy role playing through plays that will pick specific scenes from the book and allow the children to act the scenes out. Before the reading of the book the children were not able to express themselves with sincerity and obedience and to understand the need for being sincere and obedient. The children should able to connect between the virtue of obedience and sincerity with the positive outcomes. The lesson plan will take an informal approach to allow the children to learn in a less strict environment. Although rules and procedures will not really be important, the children will be expected to understand the moral teachings behind the

Understand How To Lead Groups & Teams And Navigate Conflicts & Essay

Understand How To Lead Groups & Teams And Navigate Conflicts & Negotiation - Essay Example Understand How To Lead Groups & Teams And Navigate Conflicts & Negotiation Leader gives his priority attention to the internal and external customers and their wants or needs, he provide the resources, training and environment reasonable for work to his sub ordinates, he believed in continuous improvement in a positive manners, he encourage the collaboration between his team members and prefer to do work by mutual corporation instead of this working against each other in a team finally affect the future goals on which they are working, leader is a trainer of his team he help his sub ordinates to do their job in a better way, if there is a problem in an organizational environment due to the internal misunderstanding or due to the external factors he trying to cop upit and also get the precautions for the future operation that this mistake do not repeat in future, he trying to improve his communication with his sub ordinates and trying to remove if any communication gap between them he believe in to show by his own rather to communicate it to the sub ordinate s, he choice the resources on the basis of quality not the monetary reward, establish the good organizational environment or improve it and the leader know that who one give his best so he promote the individual reward as well as the team. Leadership is an important function of management which helps to maximize efficiency and to achieve organizational goals. Some of the points related to the importance of the leadership are as following: 1. A person who initiate the work, develop the policies and plans of achieving the goals and provide the guidance about from where to start work. 2. A person gives motivation to his employees by giving the rewards weather economic or non economic and gets his desired work from the employees. 3. A person is not just supervising the work of the employees he provides the guidance related to the work, to improve the efficiency of achieving the goals efficiently. 4. Confidence is one of the important elements which an employee has to express his through and explaining his ideas in front of others which helps to getting the goals. 5. The confidence in the employee is one of the necessary elements which and leader builds in his subordinates. Confidence is the inoculation to perform their liabilities to achieve objectives. 6. Management wants to perform their work through the people. When the environment is like the working environment this helps for the stable growth. Management has to pay attention the employee’s problem and solve them. Modern organizations are developing and shifting quickly and to develop effective strategies they need to hold change and growth. â€Å"Organization development is a wide application of behavioral science knowledge to the planned development and reinforcement of organizational strategies, structures, and process for improving an organization’s effectiveness† (Cummings & Worley, 2009). When people with different nature, behavior and goals are gathered and start working together t o achieve the same organizational goals and objectives then due to their difference in the nature and personalities and differing in their individual objectives some kind of conflicts. Conflicts mean that when two different persons have different opinion on one task and they start making the arguments which are not healthy. To resolve these conflicts the role of the leader according leadership is very important. When a team formed to perform a specific task it have diversity different type of peoples bring different skills like knowledge, experience, values, attitude, behavior and point of view. Every person has to share his skills with others to do the work efficiently and effectively, they all have their own

Critically discussed the ethical, legal, and social issues arising Essay

Critically discussed the ethical, legal, and social issues arising from the use of assistef reproductive technologies - Essay Example ough fertile couples can also undergo the processes due to genetic, sex selection or health considerations such as risk of infecting the child with AIDS. Methods used in ART include Intrauterine Insemination (IUI), which involves engaging a males sperm into a womans uterus via a tube. In Vitro Fertilization is another process in ART where sperm and eggs from the couple are taken and incubated to form an embryo with steps such as stimulation of egg maturation, egg recovery, fertilization and embryo transfer with assistance from a physician. There is also the third party assisted ART such as the use of a sperm donor, egg Donor, surrogates and gestational carriers. Even as these methods have been effective in enabling many couples achieve the dream of being parents, there have been debate over the ethical legal, social and ethical issues surrounding processes used to achieve this goal. This research paper highlights some of the ethical, legal and social arguments presented in support or opposition to ART. Ethical issues in ART surround the practice of implanting multiple embryos at one time to cut on expenses for couples since there is no insurance coverage to support this form of treatment. For the process to be successful at a lower cost even when more than one attempt is undertaken couples are encouraged to fertilize many eggs at once and implanting multiple embryos while hoping one among them will be carried to term. Success rate in ART also depends on the years of women involved in the process (see the graph below). Multiple fertilization of these eggs leads to the problem of multiple pregnancies with parents facing the prospect of giving birth to more than one baby. When this happens, couples especially mother and their offspring face increased social, psychological and medical problems. Research has indicated that multiple pregnancies results in a number of health complications especially those related to obstetric complications, prenatal morbidity,

Effects of Changing Accounting Standards on Commercial Bank

Effects of Changing Accounting Standards on Commercial Bank Proposed Research Topic: IAS 39 and IFRS 9: the effects of changing accounting standards for financial instruments on the financial assets management of a commercial bank in Chong Qing Background: In 2008, a catastrophic financial crisis ignited by the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers Holdings soon had a full scale break-out and dragged the world from prosperous growth to excruciating abyss of stagnation, even recession. People in business and academic community took a great number of serious discussions striving to find the causes of the financial crisis. It is widely agreed that the lack of transparency in banks and investment houses which increased their risks is one of the major driving forces of the crisis(Compton, 2012). It is argued by Rohde(2011) that the abuse of financial instruments is to blame for the lack of transparency. Accountancy, as a practical subject meant to make organizations more transparent via clear and correct financial reports therefore is closely linked to the solution to the financial crisis. One year after the crisis, world leaders declared that improvements in financial report were needed at the G20 summits.à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ Chan, 2010) In 2009, in response to the demand for improved financial reports, the new IFRS 9 was published as the replacement for IAS 39 to serve the purpose of regulating accountancy for financial instruments(IFRS, 2009; Chan, 2010). Some noticeable changes were made by IASBà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ international accounting standards boardà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° to the new standards, particularly the classification of financial assets. IAS classify financial assets into 4 measurement groups, which is considered by Chan(2010) as one of the its drawbacks resulting in unnecessary complexity and internal inconsistency. However, according to IFRS 9, the number of categories is largely simplified and is cut down from 4 to 2: amortize cost and fair value. Currently, business organizations can choose which standards they would like to apply because the mandatory effective date of IFRS was canceled already(IFRS, 2009). What effects could the differences between the 2 standards exert on banks’a management of financia l assets remains unknown. It has not been sufficiently studied in accounting literature yet. Although some studies are made with regard to IAS or IFRS as a whole, none of them are specifically on IFRS 9, let alone its effects on financial assets management. A study as this one is hence needed to fill in this gap. One of the main features of international accounting standards regardless of IAS9, IFRS 9, or their earlier predecessors is the steady status of fair value measurement. Despite that a lot of measurement categories are added to or removed from in amendments occurred since the establishment of one universal international accounting standards system, fair value measurement seems to stand unshakably in the center of measurement for financial instruments. Thus, this paper will mainly focus on fair value to discuss whether or not it is changed in the new standards and what influence those changes have on a bank’s financial assets management, which can better our understanding in the relationship between accounting standards and practical management. This paper is helpful not only to expand the accounting literature, but also to improve bankers’ assets management in precaution of the risk of another financial crisis. In a word, my research is worth doing academically and pract ically. The purpose of my paper is to identify the effects of changing financial standards on the assets management of a bank by interviewing its managers and examining its financial conditions before and after its accounting policy shifted from IAS 39 to IFRS 9. To achieve that, I set 3 research objectives. Firstly, my paper aims to find out the difference between IAS 39 and IFRS 9, particularly the changes made to the fair value measurement. Secondly, my paper tries to identify the effects of adopting IFRS 9 on Chong qing Bank’s financial assets management in replacement for IAS 39. Thirdly, my paper will make critical comment on whether those effects are positive or negative comparing with previous years when IAS was applied in the hope of providing some useful experience to other banks. Literature review: The number of existing researches on the new IFRS 9 is extremely limited and can hardly be found for it was published just 4 years ago as an incomplete demo to be tested and improved, awaiting continuous amendments. It takes time before it is as applicable as IAS 9, when a great amount of researches then can be expected due to mass usage of IFRS in business institutes. Fortunately, there are a number of studies on the IFRS as a whole and IAS No. 39. Carmona Trombetta(2008) got a panorama overview on IFRS and IAS, and proceeded to explain the difficulty of world-wide adoption of those standards owing to nature of highly diverse conditions in different individual countries, which leads to a conclusion that rule based standards are probably more acceptable than principles based ones to widespread a universal standards system across the world. Despite the insightful discovery they made, they did not focus enough attention on the obvious differences between IFRS and IAS. To the contrary, what they try to emphasize is the similarities instead of differences between those two standards. As a supplementary to the previous accounting literature, Wang(2010) made a thorough comparison between the two standards and noted the difference of classifications for financial assets which is covered by IAS 39 and IFRS 9 that matters a lot to financial assets management. However, she was one step away from getting the full picture, but stopped at that point and did not make further explorations concerning the effects of the differences in standards on banking management, which leaves her research unfortunately incomprehensive. The study on this topic has 2 dimensions: regulations, and the objectives those regulations exert effects on. Neglecting either of them would flaw the whole study. Armstrong and his collegues (2010) contributed to the literature by examining the objectives of accounting regulations. They studied business institutes’ reaction to the adoption of IFRS in Europe, which can made a worthy comparison with Chong qing companies that my paper is about to study. Morris and Sellon(1991) are among those first to focus on the relationship between accounting standards and financial assets management. They noted that a bank’s true assets (Morris and Sellon, 1991) can be best reflected by fair value based accounting practice. Their pioneering work was seconded by Barth(1994) who argues that accounting based on fair is helpful to improve a bank’s management by clarifying the true value of financial assets to the top management. He took a critical strep and brought accounting standard on to the managerial level. Although having laid down the fundamental base for my study, both of their researches share a fatal flaw of being too outdated. The world has witnessed too many tremendous changes including the financial crisis to fit in their theory’s framework developed in the early 1990s. Their theory fails to be applied to lately i nvented financial instruments, particularly financial derivatives. More researches close to today’s reality are needed, which is another justification for the rationale of my research. Methodology and methods: I intend to conduct an interpretive, inductive, empirical and qualitative research on this topic. The method adopted is cases study carried out via techniques including observing the company and taking interviews. Chong qing Bank in Chong qing is selected as the case study company for it is one of the first to answer IASB’s call to adopt IFRS. Given the geographic limitations and the cost to fly to Chong qing, semi-structured telephone interviews will be held to managers of Chong qing Bank Limited containing questions on their thoughts before and after IAS 39 was replaced by IFRS 39. Information about the company is to be thoroughly observed, particularly its capital adequacy ratio before and after IFRS was adopted, which can reflect its financial assets management in the period of changing accounting policy to a certain extent. The entire data collect by my case study and interviews is original primary data, except capital adequacy ratio, which is secondary data since it can be found in the company’s annual reports. Most of the data are qualitative as they are questions regarding people’s attitudes, beliefs, thoughts that cannot be quantified. However, the capital adequacy ratio is quantitative. The way my research is done is to acquire knowledge by making empirical observations and finding empirical evidences rather than establishing pure theoretical framework on a predetermined hypothesis. All the 3 research objectives listed before are about making empirical observations. Therefor the case study method is very suitable to serve my research objectives. As claimed by Robson(2002), case study is ‘A strategy for doing research which involves an empirical investigation’. The reason I employ the technique of interview is that interviews are very useful to collect empirical information. It is an empirical research method. A semi-structured interview by telephone would allow me to explore unexpected issues by holding relatively casual conversation consisted of not fully predetermined questions, and to build personal rapport with the interviewees that might be helpful to make some in-depth findings. In a word, the empirical, interpretive nature of my study that requir es original primary data and close observations determines the research methods I chose. Content analysis will be used on the main data analyzing tool to measure the frequency of certain key words and notions respondents mentioned in interviews. The data collected is not generalizable because they are predominantly qualitative information of a single individual company without statistical representativeness. But the data is of legitimate validity and reliability since they are authentically collected from a company in its practical daily operations. If anyone is to repeat my research on the same company, the out-come would be of no difference. Potential difficulties I can anticipate in this research are mainly geographically related. The location of me, namely UK, is too far away from the objective in Chong qing I am about to observe. This limitation is likely to cause a series of difficulties including the hardship of getting contact with the informants and inaccuracy of observations which are not made in person directly. Another difficulty is the willing of managers to receiving my interviews. In order to get a sufficient number of respondents, I plan to set certain incentive prizes for answering my questions. The research will mainly be funded by myself, though I will not give up the opportunity of being sponsored by the university. Application for research funds will be submitted to Royal Holloway before the research begins. However, those difficulties above can be overcome and minimalized as long as my research is well designed. Flying to Chong qing is reserved as the last resort if things get out of my control. The t ime scale of my research is 3months. The detailed time table is listed below: Timetable: Prepare the interview questions by 1 March Complete literature review by 10 April Conduct interviews by 10 May Complete data analysis by 12 May Give presentation on 23 June Complete the final dissertation by 20 June Reference: Armstrong, C, Barth, M, Jagolinzer, A, Riedl, E 2010, Market Reaction to the Adoption of IFRS in Europe, Accounting Review, 85, 1, pp. 31-61, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 January 2014. Barth, M. E.,1994, ‘Fair value accounting: Evidence from investment securities and the market valuation of banks’, Accounting Review, pp.1-25. Carmona, S, Trombetta, M., 2008, On the global acceptance of IAS/IFRS accounting standards: The logic and implications of the principles-based system, Journal Of Accounting Public Policy, 27, 6, pp. 455-461, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 January 2014. Chan, S., 2010, ‘From IAS 39 to IFRS 9: more than just a name change’, the official website of Chong qing institute of certified public accountants, Available at:http://www.hkicpa.org.hk/file/media/section2_become_a_hk_cpa/recog-oversea-bodies/useful-article/name-change.pdf [Accessed: 20 DEC 2013]. Compton, J., 2012, ‘Libor scandal: at the root of all financial crises is a lack of transparency’, The Telegraph, available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/9366972/Libor-scandal-at-the-root-of-all-financial-crises-is-a-lack-of-transparency.html [Accessed: 20 DEC 2013]. IFRS, 2009, IFRS 9: Financial Instruments (replacement of IAS 39), the official website of the IFRS Foundation and the IASB. Available at: http://www.ifrs.org/current-projects/iasb-projects/financial-instruments-a-replacement-of-ias-39-financial-instruments-recognitio/Pages/financial-instruments-replacement-of-ias-39.aspx [Accessed: 20 DEC 2013]. Robson, C., 2002, Real world research: A resource for social scientists and practitioner-researchers (Vol. 2). Oxford: Blackwell. Moody, D., 2002, Empirical research methods, the official website of IT University of Copenhagen. Available at: http://www.itu.dk/~oladjones/semester%203/advanced%20it%20mgt%20and%20software%20engineering/project/materials/what%20is%20empirical%20research1.pdf [Accessed: 20 DEC 2013]. Morris, C. S., SellonJr, G. H., 1991, ‘Market value accounting for banks: pros and cons.’, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Economic Review, 76, pp.5-19. Rohde, L 2011, Lessons from the Last Financial Crisis and the Future Role of Institutional Investors, OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends, 2011, 1, pp. 77-82, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 January 2014. Wang, Z., 2010, ‘A comparative study of the difference between IAS 39 and IFRS 9: interpreting the classification and measurement of financial assets.’ Finance and Accounting Monthly, 2010, 16(548), pp.51-53.( In Chinese) Source available at: http://www.ckyk.cn/periodical/previous_detail-JOLQNON0.shtml; Full text available at: http://www.docin.com/p-226160490.html [Accessed: 20 DEC 2013].

Ford :: essays papers

Ford The Good Soldier, utilises a variety of literary techniques to construct meaning and propel imaginative power. Ford uses figurative language to initiate the polarity of â€Å"Convention and Passion†(1) and a divergent narrative style and structure to present cultural issues such as the quest for human knowledge and the imprisonment of society. â€Å"The long afternoon wore on† commences in the context of Nancy’s revelations. She has read the account of the Brand divorce case in the newspapers and is apprehending the manifestations of recently discovered phenomena. Ford employs a vocabulary that is mournful and dull to conjure up images of shadow and anguish. He uses words like â€Å"frightened,† â€Å"writhed,† â€Å"agony,† â€Å"pain† and â€Å"gloomy† to connote feelings of â€Å"affaissement.† These are juxtaposed with the vocabulary of the second half of the passage: â€Å"lover’s,† â€Å"flame ,† and â€Å"cheerful† which signifies the corruption of Nancy’s chastised mind. Knowledge of convention takes â€Å"all sweetness†¦out of life.† The lexicogrammar interplays the theme of â€Å"Convention and Passion† as being unable to exist congruently in â€Å"the law of the land† and cognition of human nature as futile, leading only to darkness. Ford expresses the degenerative nature of human passion in the metaphor: a tune in which major notes with their cheerful insistence wavered and melted into minor sounds as, beneath a bridge the highlights on dark waters melt and waver and disappear into black depths. The anagoge alludes to images of passion fading into darkness. An antithesis of light and dark, black and white, the certitude of Passion succumbing to Convention: Society must go on, I suppose, and society can only exist if the normal, if the virtuous, and the slightly-deceitful flourish, and if the passionate, the headstrong, and the too truthful are condemned Samuel Hynes, ‘The Epistemology of The Good Soldierâ⠂¬â„¢, The Good Soldier, Norton Critical Edition (1995. W.W. Norton & Company) to suicide and to madness. Nancy’s love must regress, as the etiquette of society must prosper. Fatally for those who were unable to conform to â€Å"the technicalities of English life† due to burgeoning eroticisms, â€Å"the end was plainly manifest.† Ford creates imagery of umbra and shadow elsewhere in the novel: â€Å"inevitably they pass away as the shadows across sundials.† Ford’s adumbrations of unillumination may also reflect the restrictions of human knowledge. Darkness reflects the tenuousness of human cognition. Dowell proposes earlier: what is there to guide us in the more subtle morality of all other personal contacts, associations, and activities?

Mission, Vision, and Values Paper

The University of Phoenix was founded in 1976 as an outlet for working adults to obtain an education, while continuing to hold down a full time job. The ingenious idea of creating such an organization can be coupled with the name Dr. John Sperling. Dr. John Sperling begin the creation of University of Phoenix in his basement, at the preface of personal computers. The University of Phoenix offers degree program at the level’s of associates, bachelors, masters, and doctoral degrees. The degree programs can be obtained by several modalities.The most commonly know modality is online, and there are also over 200 campuses that offer programs as well. Dr. John Sperling suggested how institutions would pioneer new approaches to curricular and program design, teaching methods and student services. These beliefs eventually resulted in the creation of University of Phoenix and they continue to inspire the University’s mission, purposes and strategies today (University of Phoenix [ UOP], 2008). The University of Phoenix is the nation’s largest private university.The mission of University of Phoenix is to provide access to higher education opportunities that enable students to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to achieve their professional goals, improve the productivity of their organizations, and provide leadership and service to their communities (University of Phoenix [UOP], 2008). The following are the purposes for the University of Phoenix: ~To facilitate cognitive and affective student learning–knowledge, skills, and values — and to promote use of that knowledge in the student's work place.~To develop competence in communication, critical thinking, collaboration, and information utilization, together with a commitment to lifelong learning for enhancement of students' opportunities for career success. ~To provide instruction that bridges the gap between theory and practice through faculty members who bring to their classroom not only advanced academic preparation, but also the skills that come from the current practice of their professions. ~To provide General Education and foundational instruction and services that prepare students to engage in a variety of university curricula.~To use technology to create effective modes and means of instruction that expand access to learning resources and that enhance collaboration and communication for improved student learning. ~To assess student learning and use assessment data to improve the teaching/learning system, curriculum, instruction, learning resources, counseling and student services. ~To be organized as a for-profit institution in order to foster a spirit of innovation that focuses on providing academic quality, service, excellence, and convenience to the working adult.~To generate the financial resources necessary to support the University’s mission. (UOP, 2008) All corporations depend on effective strategic management. A starting point in strat egic management is setting goals. Every business needs goals, a mission, and values. Goals are basically intended to meet hopes and plans of an organization. The mission usually tells how a company will reach their goals. Values are what the organization beliefs in. The strategy of an organization should determine the firm’s overall attitude toward growth and the way it will manage its businesses.A company may decide to grow by increasing its activities or investments. Strategies should focus on improving the companies competitive position, and how best to achieve corporate goals by being as productive as possible. The mission statement is a message designed to be inclusive of the expectations of all stakeholders for the company's performance over the long run (Pearce & Robinson, 2004). At many companies, top management drafts and circulates detailed mission statements.Because such a statement reflects a company’s understand of its activities as a marketer, it is not e asily described. The mission statement for the University of Phoenix explains how they will achieve their purposes in the environments in which they conduct businesses. Strategy tends to have a wider scope. It is the definition a broad program that describes an organization’s intentions. A business strategy outlines how the business intends to meet its goals and includes the organizations responsiveness to new challenges and new needs.Because a well formulated strategy is so vital to a business’s success, most top managers devote substantial attention and creativity to this process. A second implication of viewing strategic management as a process is that strategy formulation and implementation are sequential. The process begins with development or reevaluation of the company mission (Pearce & Robinson, 2004). This also presents an opportunity for an organization to do a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for the internal Strengths and Weaknesses of a firm and the envir onmental Opportunities and Threats facing that firm.SWOT analysis is a widely used technique through which managers create a quick overview of a company's strategic situation (Pearce & Robinson). The ultimate goal of the new strategy is to have an effective impact on the leaders, the culture, and the stakeholders. The strategy should allow the leaders to efficiently run the organization. The strategy should enable a conducive culture so that there is no negativity brought to the organization. The strategy should reward stakeholders and ultimately reward the stakeholders so that they may continue to hold stake in the company.

The Trickster essays

The Trickster essays The trickster figure found in American Indian Mythology is a deep reflection of our inner psyche. Deep within us, we all can find the vengeful, animal instincts that define part of the Trickster. We can also find the irony within this character that leads us to challenge societal hierarchy and wonder whether life would be better if lived on a much simpler level. What really is the figure known as the Trickster? Radin describes the character in his prefatory note: Trickster is at one and the same time creator and destroyer, giver and negator, he who dupes others and who is always duped himself. He wills nothing consciously. At all times he is constrained to behave as he does from impulses over which he has no control. He knows neither good nor evil yet he is responsible for both. He possesses no values, moral or social, is at the mercy of his passions and appetites, yet through his actions all values come into being. The figure known as the Trickster appears in many cultures with different forms. Many Native American people told tales of Coyote. Among the Lakota, Spider wove the trickster's web. Among Northwest Coastal people, as well as some Siberian groups on the opposite side of the Pacific, Raven took on the trickster's role. The Blackfoot of the northern Plains saw both Coyote and Raven as tricksters. Worldwide, a variety of animals have taken on the trickster's role. In European and Chinese folklore, Fox often plays the part; some African people see Fox in the same light. Monkeys are tricksters in the Far East, and smaller creatures like Wasp and Mantis appear as well. Karl Jung's explanation for the archetype that surfaces as the Trickster is that they are the product of what he calls the collective unconsciousness. That thread of consciousness that connects all human beings and cultures around the world. It is split off from his consciousness and consequently behaves like an autonomous persona...

SNP essays

SNP essays The Scottish National Party: A Struggle for Moderation Scotland is a nation without a state, and during its seven hundred years of history, the desire to found a Scottish state has always existed in one form or another. This essay began as an attempt to describe and comment on Scottish Nationalism as a movement in the United Kingdom. Instead, it has developed into a piece on one of the most influential separatist groups in Scotland, namely the Scottish National Party or SNP as it will be referred to throughout this essay. The SNP does not enter Scotland's long history until the Second World War, but the events leading to its formation are very important in understanding the political climate in Scotland today. Therefore, the discussion briefly reflects on pre twentieth century Scotland and how it pertains to Scotland's current political role and stature in Great Britain. Many similarities can be drawn between the modern day SNP and previous attempts at forming a national party in Scotland. This is yet another reason why a brief mention of Scottish history can be beneficial to the topic at hand. From this point on, the focus of the essay reverts to the creation, rise, and accomplishments of the SNP during this century. This is no small task because the depth of the SNP=s influence on Scottish politics, as well and its effect on the Union in general is a story which cannot entirely be told in a paper as short as this. However it is important to note that an attempt has been made here. Argued here, is the notion that the SNP has constantly tried to be the most complete and legitimate voice of Scottish Nationalism by drawing its members from all sides of the political spectrum. As a result they have suffered from violent divides in their organization and great threats to their future. More importantly however, these divides have threatened the realization of their objectives. As mentioned above Scottish history reaches ...

5 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

5 questions - Essay Example Next to cell migration is cell differentiation that begins with gene expression, wherein previously dormant genes undergo activation, and which ends up with the cell producing a certain protein. Neuroblasts, at this point, turn into particular types of neurons. After cell differentiation is cell maturation, which happens 20 weeks after conception and continues after birth. It takes place through dendritic and axonal growth. Maturing neurons build dendrites to give surface area for synapses with other cells and to expand their axons to proper targets, which will launch synapse formation. Axonal growth relies on a particular process, which begins with the growth cone at the end of the axon. As these growth cones branch out, they create shoots or filopodia that, after they reach certain targets, other filopodia follow them. Next to cell maturation is synaptogenesis, or the creation of synaptic connections. Synapses reach 1014 or 100,000 trillion. After synaptogenesis is cell death and synaptic pruning. The brain chisels out unneeded neurons and prunes synapses. Neural Darwinism explains that the brain removes excess neurons through competition among them. Neurons die because target cells create neurotrophic factors that axon terminals absorb and which create messages that seem to tell some neurons to die in a programmed process called apoptosis. The last stage of brain development is myelogenesis or production of myelin. Myelination demonstrates cerebral maturation. Light energy travels through the pupil and into the light-sensitive surface of the eye called the retina. This activates the photoreceptor cells on the retina, which results to the creation of people’s visual worlds. The photoreceptor cells and neurons generate visual precision and enable people to see different colors, including dimness and brightness. Photoreceptors change light energy to chemical energy, which activates neural

Analysis of the costs and benefits of China`s economic reforms in last Essay

Analysis of the costs and benefits of China`s economic reforms in last decades - Essay Example The early reforms were more definite since they were responses to definite problems and crisis of that period. In the second phase, the reforms were adapted to new set of challenges and opportunities (Naughton, p.107). China has shown a remarkable economic progress after centuries of oppression by the Westerners. Recently the China Daily newspaper has conferred that the nation is an example to all nations who are struggling to stand on their own feet (Callick, 13). In 1991, General Secretary Jiang Zemin that temporary difficulties cannot prevent the Chinese from continuing to develop (Saich, 75). This paper is the best example of analysis of the pros and cons of China’s economic reforms in recent decades. In the early 1990s, China’s approach towards economy resembled any other transitional economies with emphasis on sustaining balanced and efficient financial policies. The principles objectives were to eradicate corruption, promote a developed market economy and maintain fair competition in the domestic market. China’s fiscal policies are mostly complex and have yield varying resulting in different phases of reform. The early reforms were more definite since they were responses to definite problems and crisis of that period. In the second phase, the reforms were adapted to new set of challenges and opportunities. China has shown a remarkable economic progress after centuries of oppression by the Westerners. Recently the China Daily newspaper has conferred that the nation is an example to all nations who are struggling to stand on their own feet. It has been rightly assumed that the conversion of China from state socialism to market economy has generated pervasive corruption. With constant changing of reforms, public official took the opportunity to fulfill their personal ambitions. The factors encouraging corruption became more apparent from the pre-reform era with officials submerged in informal relationships. Market reforms in China have paved the way for growing disparity among different sectors of the society. Since policies now are mostly market based, the former strong relationship between the Communist Party and the Labor has deteriorated. Chinese economy today focuses mainly on urban regions. The transformation phase of China can be educative but only from the perspective of the overall transition

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Essay Example As the study outlines he was named after his grandfather and the Saint Johannes Chrysostomus. His father Leopold Mozart was not only an excellent violinist but also a composer and concert master of great repute. His mother was Anna Maria Pertl and he had a very talented sister named Maria Anna Mozart. (Nannerl) From the tender age of three, Mozart had such a keen ear for music and began learning the keyboard and by the age of five he started composing minuets. All through his teen years he dedicated himself to music and mastered the piano, violin and the harpsichord. The Archbishop of Salzburg appointed him as concertmaster in 1772 during which time he composed several sacred works. He fell in love with Aloysia Constanze Weber and in 1782; he married her in Vienna’s St. Stephen’s Cathedral. Mozart worked in Vienna, supporting his family by teaching and composing and also by performing in both public and private. Mozart became composer of the â€Å"Imperial and Royal Chamber† and in 1787 one of his works titled â€Å"Don Giovanni† was premiered in Prague at the famous National Theater. By this time, while in Vienna, he was feeling quite sick while he completed another of his famous works titled â€Å"La clemenza di Tito†. Then on Dec. 5, 1791, Mozart breat hed his last just a few minutes before 1AM. He had been ill for quite sometime and had died of rheumatic fever. From this study it is clear that Mozart’s works can be categorized into three sections – Early -from 1761 – 1772, Middle – from 1772 – 1781 and the Late – from 1781 – 1791. The total number of his works was 600 in all which included 21 stage and opera works, 15 Masses, over 50 symphonies, 25 piano concertos, 12 violin concertos, 27 concert arias, 17 piano sonatas, 26 string quartets and many other pieces. Mozart contributed significantly to the sonata repertoire which included the violin and the piano.

Rates of reaction Essay Example for Free

Rates of reaction Essay The two equations can then put together to give an overall rate equation: R[Na2S2O3]x[HCl]Y Experimentally I will be changing the concentrations of each the reactants independently and then calculating the rate for each concentration. From these rates I will be able to draw a log graph of rate against concentrations and from my calculation I can find the orders for each of the reactants. Variables The independent variable in the experiment is the initial concentrations of Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid. I will be changing this variable and seeing how it affect the time taken for the reaction to take place and therefore how the concentration affects the rate of the reaction. However as only one variable can be changed I will keep one reactant constant whilst changing the other to get a fair set of results. This will show me the affect of each reactant on the rate independently. The dependent variable is the one that will be monitored in the reaction. The dependent variable is the time taken for the reaction to take place which can be used to calculate the rate of the reaction. The method I will be using is by seeing how long it takes for a black cross underneath the conical flask to disappear which will be the point in all the reactions where the concentration of the sulphur precipitate is equal and so will the rate can be fairly calculated. To reduce errors I will need to use my preliminary results to find a volume that will give a long enough time to measure accurately, but not too long to affect the rate which is calculated by dividing initial concentration by time. These graphs show how if the time taken for the reaction to reach a specific concentration is too long it will not be a true reflection on the actual initial rate of the reaction. The first variable that must be controlled is the temperature of the reactions. This is because temperature will affect the rate of the reaction as a higher temperature will cause an increase in the rate. If the temperature varies between reactions it will have an affect on the results. To try and insure the same temperature is used I will have all reactants at room temperature and carry out all the reactions in one lesson. Another control is the the volume of reactants used and the depth of the solution. If this is changed the amount of precipitate that will need to be observed through will change and therefore the concentration at which the cross disappears will be different. To control this the same volumes will be used and the same conical flask will be used and therefore the depth will be the same. Similarly the cross used will need to be the same as a thicker cross would mean it will disappear at a different concentration of sulphur and the results will not be fair. Finally I will not shake or move the conical flask once the reactants have been put together as this again might affect the rate of the reaction. Equipment 1. 200cm3 of Na2S2O3 1. 200cm3 of HCl 2. 10 x 50cm3 beakers 3. 2 x Graduated Pipettes 4. Conical Flask 5. Stopwatch Method 1. Start by making the concentrations, using a graduated pipette measure out the correct volumes of Sodium Thiosulphate and put into 5 small 50cm3 beakers. Then add the corresponding amounts of distilled water and label with the correct concentration. 2. Secondly draw a black cross onto a piece of paper which is no bigger than the base of the conical flask, place the conical flask on top of the flask. 3. Using another graduated pipette, place 25cm3 of 2M hydrochloric acid into the bottom of the conical flask. 4. Whilst standing above the conical flask, looking directly down, simultaneously pour the first concentration of Na2S2O3 into the conical flash and start the stopwatch. 5. Keep observing and when the yellow precipitate causes the cross to completely disappear stop the stopwatch. 6. Record the time taken, wash out the conical flask thoroughly and repeat from step 3 but using the next dilution until all the concentrations have been reacted and recorded. 7. Repeat all results and average times. 8. Secondly replace the Sodium Thiosulphate with the HCl and copy above steps by measuring out correct concentrations and place into 5 more 50cm3 beakers. 9. This time add 25cm3 of Na2S2O3 into the bottom of the conical flask before recording the time taken for the cross to disappear again, for all the concentrations. 10. Repeat all results again for HCl concentrations. Initial Rates can then be calculated. Dilution Tables Na2S2O3 Concentration / moldm-3 Na2S2O3 (1M) / cm3 Distilled Water / cm3 1 HCl Concentration / moldm-3 HCl (2M) / cm3 Distilled Water / cm3 Safety Points As concentrated Hydrochloric acid will be used make sure eye and hand protection is worn. In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and with eye contact get medical attention immediately. Sulphur is also present so make sure the room is well ventilated to allow fumes to escape. Take care with glass wear, such as pipettes as they are fragile and may break easily. If broken clear up all glass immediately. Time Taken for Cross to Disappear / s Concentration of Na2S2O3 / moldm-3 1 2 Average Rate / moldm -3 s -1 logRate / log moldm -3 s -1 logconc. / log moldm-Time Taken for Cross to Disappear / s Concentration of HCl / moldm-3 1 2. Average Rate / moldm Analysis After drawing a graph of logRate against logConcentration and using the calculations in my plan, the gradient of the line gave me a value of 0. 957 which taking into account experimental error shows the order of the reaction of Sodium Thiosulphate is 1. Also when carrying out the investigation for how the rate changes with the concentration of HCl there is no noticeable change in rate when the concentration varies. Therefore I didnt draw a graph, as the table shows HCl concentration doesnt affect the rate of the reaction and must be zero order. I can therefore deduce that the rate equation for this reaction is: Rate ? [Na2S2O3]1 and Rate ? [HCL]0 Rate = C x [Na2S2O3] where C is a constant which is proportional to the rate constant. The reason why the actual rate constant, k, can be calculated is because in the experiments the change in concentration cannot be calculated. However this always the same value as it is the concentration at which the cross disappeared and therefore the rate was proportional to 1/time. The intercept of the graph is equal to logC, -1. 02, therefore C = 10-1. 02 = 0. 095s -1. To conclude the results show that the rate of the reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid is directly proportional to the concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate. This gives evidence to the mechanism of the reaction. In a most reactions the mechanism is not made up of one step but a series of intermediate stages where molecules form and break down. Each of these steps will have a rate which is due to how many molecules are colliding. For example if 2 molecules must collide to for one product the reaction will be 2nd order. However the overall order for the reaction cannot be calculated using the stoichiometry in the overall equation. This is because the rate is determined by the rate of the slowest step of the mechanism, known as the rate determining step. In this reaction although 2HCl molecules are needed for the reaction to take place; however from the kinetics that I found HCl has no effect on the rate and is zero order. Therefore the slowest step in this reaction is the breakdown of 1 Sodium Thiosulphate molecules as the reaction is 1st order. Evaluation. I feel the results I obtained allowed me to draw a graph and come to valid conclusions and be confident about calculating the order and rate equation for this reaction. I didnt have any obvious anomalies from my graph however there are some variations that meant I couldnt calculate a rate of exactly 1. Also from my table of results for changing the concentration of HCl, where all the rates must be the same for difference concentrations, there is a anomaly with the 2. 0moldm-3 concentration. A limitation of my procedure was the way in which the rate was calculated using the disappearing cross method. This involves human judgement rather than a qualitative value that can be used to calculated the rate. There will also be an accuracy issue as there is a reaction time in realising the cross has disappeared and stopping the stopwatch. Another limitation of the procedure at the start of the timing and I had to add the chemicals together and start the stopwatch. This again causes an error in the actual time period taken for the cross to disappear. Another error is in the variation of temperature. As well as environmental variations in temperature the reaction was exothermic and heat is produced. When the temperature increases the k constant will increase, this is because the molecules have more kinetic energy and there is a higher probability that they will collide and react. This means its is hard to control this factor which is affecting the rate of the reaction. There are also many accuracy errors caused by percentage error in measuring. There is a time error in the time taken when the cross disappears and the delay in stopping the time. When using the graduated there was an error of 0. 05/20 = 0. 25% error, human reaction time is about 0. 2/9. 34 = 2. 1%. To reduce this error I would choose another method of measuring the rate. Instead of using the cross method I would use a light intensity machine that could measure the change in colour over a period of time and stop and start timing when it had reach a certain value. This quantitative method of measuring should make the results more accurate. To control the temperature I could use a large water bath which could control the temperature throughout the reaction. Another method that could be used is to measure the products formed. The easiest would be using a gas syringe to measure the amount of SO2 formed. This again would give a more quantitative results and increase the accuracy and reliability.